AIDS Epidemic Increase And African Countries Economies Essay Example for Free

acquired immune deficiency syndrome Epidemic Increase And African Countries Economies EssayThe countries of the developing world most seriously affected by support thus far are in sub-Saharan Africa. Accordingly, much of the social research on AIDS in the developing world is concerned with Africa, as is much of the research reviewed in this chapter. nevertheless many of the behavior patterns described and the conclusions reached apply elsewhere.AIDS is primarily a sexually transmitted disease, and the escalating epidemics in the developing world are principally the result of sexual encounters with an infected partner. In all countries AIDS is also transmitted by the use of contaminated needles in intravenous drug injections, by line of business transfusions of infected blood, and perinatally from infected mothers to their unborn children. But sexual contagion is everywhere the predominant mode, and, internationally, heterosexual transmission accounts for some 70 percent of al l new AIDS cases (Mann et al. 199233).In the regions of Asia, Latin America, and sub-Saharan Africa, integrity of three different modes of sexual transmission of the AIDS virus predominatesalthough all modes occur with some relative frequency in all three regions. In Asia, prostitution plays the key role in Latin America, butch and bisexual behavior and in Africa, heterosexual transmission.The majority of African countries are experiencing a serious sparing crisis. That crisis, though showing signs of moderation in some countries, has resulted in ontogenesis eluding most of the others, with far-reaching prohibit consequences on their populaces. When there is no development, there is hopelessness and where there is hopelessness, there is no effort to mould toward development. The circle becomes complete and reinforcing.Unfortunately, in most of Africa, the economic crisis has made life an endless series of execrable circles that are now spreading economic suffering in a concen trated fashion. The economic crisis in Africa represents a historical tragedy, and the historical evidence now suggests that such a crisis need not encounter occurred. Despite some views to the contrary, the overwhelming opinion is that this economic crisis is primarily the inevitable outcome of the failure of postindependence development polity formulation and implementation in the majority of the African countries.In most of Africa, postindependence development policy was formulated through a statist ideological framework, which was then implemented by experimentation. Moreover, some, if not all, of the countries had to contend with an unbecoming international economic environment.That combination produced disastrous results. Among other things, poverty and socioeconomic inequalities increased, the external debt burden became heavier, the heading drain intensified, capital flight deepened, the balance of payments weakened, the physical infrastructure deteriorated, unemployment and crime escalated, famine and malnutrition became to a greater extent pronounced, work out deficits soared, agricultural productivity declined, urbanization burgeoned, environmental degradation expanded, political and civil strife worsened, and corruption became more rampant.These disastrous development results were, in turn, the catalyst behind the deepening economic crisis in Africa, and consequently provided the commanding for policy reform in those countries. Policy reform can be defined as changes in government policy, institutional structure, or administrative procedures that are designed to alter economic activity and break performance (Roemer and Radelet 1991). Put more succinctly, it is policy change, across the board, to effect sustained economic progress that depart lead to a more desirable economic outcome than current practice permits.